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dc.contributor.authorMatz, Carsten
dc.contributor.authorWebb, Jeremy S
dc.contributor.authorSchupp, Peter J
dc.contributor.authorPhang, Shui Yen
dc.contributor.authorPenesyan, Anahit
dc.contributor.authorEgan, Suhelen
dc.contributor.authorSteinberg, Peter
dc.contributor.authorKjelleberg, Staffan
dc.date.accessioned2009-01-21T15:32:37Z
dc.date.available2009-01-21T15:32:37Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.identifier.citationMarine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense. 2008, 3 (7):e2744 PLoS ONEen
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.pmid18648491
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0002744
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10033/47810
dc.description.abstractMany plants and animals are defended from predation or herbivory by inhibitory secondary metabolites, which in the marine environment are very common among sessile organisms. Among bacteria, where there is the greatest metabolic potential, little is known about chemical defenses against bacterivorous consumers. An emerging hypothesis is that sessile bacterial communities organized as biofilms serve as bacterial refuge from predation. By testing growth and survival of two common bacterivorous nanoflagellates, we find evidence that chemically mediated resistance against protozoan predators is common among biofilm populations in a diverse set of marine bacteria. Using bioassay-guided chemical and genetic analysis, we identified one of the most effective antiprotozoal compounds as violacein, an alkaloid that we demonstrate is produced predominately within biofilm cells. Nanomolar concentrations of violacein inhibit protozoan feeding by inducing a conserved eukaryotic cell death program. Such biofilm-specific chemical defenses could contribute to the successful persistence of biofilm bacteria in various environments and provide the ecological and evolutionary context for a number of eukaryote-targeting bacterial metabolites.
dc.language.isoenen
dc.relation.urlhttp://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002744en
dc.subject.meshAlgae, Greenen
dc.subject.meshAntiprotozoal Agentsen
dc.subject.meshApoptosisen
dc.subject.meshBacteriaen
dc.subject.meshBacterial Physiological Phenomenaen
dc.subject.meshBiofilmsen
dc.subject.meshBiological Assayen
dc.subject.meshCatalysisen
dc.subject.meshEcologyen
dc.subject.meshEcosystemen
dc.subject.meshKineticsen
dc.subject.meshModels, Geneticen
dc.subject.meshPlanktonen
dc.subject.meshWater Microbiologyen
dc.titleMarine biofilm bacteria evade eukaryotic predation by targeted chemical defense.en
dc.typeArticleen
dc.contributor.departmentSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.en
dc.identifier.journalPLoS ONEen
refterms.dateFOA2018-06-13T04:10:54Z
html.description.abstractMany plants and animals are defended from predation or herbivory by inhibitory secondary metabolites, which in the marine environment are very common among sessile organisms. Among bacteria, where there is the greatest metabolic potential, little is known about chemical defenses against bacterivorous consumers. An emerging hypothesis is that sessile bacterial communities organized as biofilms serve as bacterial refuge from predation. By testing growth and survival of two common bacterivorous nanoflagellates, we find evidence that chemically mediated resistance against protozoan predators is common among biofilm populations in a diverse set of marine bacteria. Using bioassay-guided chemical and genetic analysis, we identified one of the most effective antiprotozoal compounds as violacein, an alkaloid that we demonstrate is produced predominately within biofilm cells. Nanomolar concentrations of violacein inhibit protozoan feeding by inducing a conserved eukaryotic cell death program. Such biofilm-specific chemical defenses could contribute to the successful persistence of biofilm bacteria in various environments and provide the ecological and evolutionary context for a number of eukaryote-targeting bacterial metabolites.


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